Geography & Maps |
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| Location: |
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey |
| Geographic coordinates: |
43 00 N, 25 00 E |
| Map references: |
Europe |
| Area: |
total: 110,910 sq km
water: 360 sq km
land: 110,550 sq km |
| Area - comparative: |
slightly larger than Tennessee |
| Land boundaries: |
total: 1,808 km
border countries: Greece 494 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia and Montenegro 318 km, Turkey 240 km |
| Coastline: |
354 km |
| Maritime claims: |
contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Climate: |
temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers |
| Terrain: |
mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast |
| Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point: Musala 2,925 m |
| Natural resources: |
bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land |
| Land use: |
arable land: 39%
permanent crops: 1.8%
other: 59.2% (1998 est.) |
| Irrigated land: |
8,000 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Natural hazards: |
earthquakes, landslides |
| Environment - current issues: |
air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes |
| Environment - international agreements: |
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Geography - note: |
strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia |
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Source: CIA World Factbook, 2003 |
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